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Number as a length in the environment Trains in 1st and 2nd grade of primary school
Nachtmannová, Iveta ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Havlíčková, Radka (referee)
This thesis focuses on the tasks from the environment Vláčky, as one of the isolated environments in the first grade mathematics of primary schools taught according to the elaborated methodology of prof. RNDr. Milan Hejný, CSc.. The theoretical part of the thesis explains the principles and concepts of Milan's methodology, the importance of isolated environments in the process of building the ideas of natural number in children in the 1st and 2nd year of primary school, highlights the environment Vláčky as a propaedeutic environment essential for further education according to this method and introduces the manipulative aid necessary for this environment, the Cuisenaire prisms. The theoretical part explains which tasks are used to introduce the environment into the classroom, explains the important concepts of this environment, describes the different types of tasks and their gradations, the relation of this environment to the 3rd to 5th year of primary school, and last but not least, similar tasks from different workbooks that do not deal with the above methodology are collected here. The goal of the practical part was to check the clarity of the formulations in the assignment, to investigate the students' solving strategies and the difficulties that may occur when solving the problems. The...
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The environment Biland in teaching mathematics in primary school
Vybíralová, Tereza ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of a didactic mathematical environment Biland. The theoretical part is concerned with the definition of two opposite educational styles, transmissive and constructivist, and their comparison. Within the constructivist educational style, it is also focused on The Hejný's method, and it defines the two basic pillars of this conception. The first pillar is the personality of the teacher and the other one is the mathematical content, which is provided by different mathematical environments. This diploma thesis introduces the environment Biland, describes on which mathematical basis it stands on and shows why should be Biland included into the teaching of mathematics. It answers the question of importancy of teaching also non-base ten systems and therefore it describes the history of place-value system. It also studies the tasks in contemporary textbooks of mathematics for primary schools by Hejný et al. published by publishing house FRAUS. The practical part includes the preparation and implementation of experiments in which the new environment Biland was introduced to the pupils. The experiments were recorded into protocols, followed by analysis. Another aim of the practical part was creation of worksheets for the pupils which were handed out after the...
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Hundred table in mathematics teaching in primary school
Loulová, Jana ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Havlíčková, Radka (referee)
The Hundred Table environment is one of the mathematical environments created by the authors of mathematics textbooks published by FRAUS using the Hejný Method, and this paper investigates it further. The theoretical section looks at the current teaching of mathematics and theories of pupils' cognitive process. It further defines the term 'table' and looks at work with it within FRAUS mathematics textbooks using the Hejný Method. Key here are tasks using the Hundred Table environment, which are further described according to type. The objectives of tasks using this environment are also stated. The theoretical section also gives a description of how Hundred Tables appear in various textbooks, materials and other mathematical situations. The experimental section describes three experiments which I undertook to find an appropriate method for implementing Hundred Tables within teaching. I created a number of new tasks for these experiments and investigated what methods pupils used to solve these tasks. KEY WORDS Hundred Table environment, motivation, pupils' cognitive process, table, task solving methods, mathematics textbooks for Primary School, ways of Hundred Tables, sum of centrally symmetric figures, rectangles in Hundred Tables
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Mathematical environment Bus in primary school
Pártl, David ; Slezáková, Jana (advisor) ; Jirotková, Darina (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the mathematical environment Bus realized through mathematical tasks in textbooks Hejný et al. The issue is aimed at pupils of the fourth grade of primary school. The main point of the theoretical part is study of gradual gradation of tasks in environment Bus from 1st to 5th grade of primary school. It was found that the frequency of the tasks in the textbook for the fourth grade is impaired and on the basis has been prepared experiment that complement the tasks so that the frequency has been unimpaired. The practical part includes the preparation of an experiment in which custom- designed tasks were formulated. They were linked with fourth-year primary school curriculum. By performing two experiments was obtained 262 pupil's solutions of tasks, in which were recorded and analyzed pupil's mistakes. This enabled to formulate phenomenons that could be caused by impaired frequency of tasks in environment Bus in textbooks Hejný et al. KEYWORDS graduaded problems, experiment, Hejný's teaching method, mathematical environment Bus, word problems, work with table
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